Geologic evolution of the Canarian Islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria and La Gomera and comparison of landslides at these islands with those at Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro     

J. Acosta  E. Uchupi  A. Muñoz  P. Herranz  C. Palomo  M. Ballesteros 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2003,24(1-2):1-40

In this paper we discuss the results of a swath bathymetric investigation of the Canary archipelago offshore area. These new data indicate that volcanism is pervasive throughout the seafloor in the region, much more that would be suggested by the islands. We have mapped tens of volcanic edifices between Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria and offshore Tenerife, La Gomera, El Hierro and La Palma. Volcanic flows are present between Tenerife and La Gomera and salic necks dominate the eastern insular slope of La Gomera. This bathymetry also supports land geologic studies that indicate that the oceanic archipelago has acquired its present morphology in part by mass wasting, a consequence of the collapse of the volcanic edifices. In the younger islands, Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro, the Quaternary (1.2 to 0.15 Ma) debris avalanches are readily recognizable and can be traced offshore for distances measured in tens of km. Off the older islands, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria and La Gomera (<20 to 3.5 Ma), the avalanches have been obscured by subsequent turbidity current deposition and erosion as well as hemipelagic processes. The failure offshore western Lanzarote is in the form of a ramp at the base of the insular slope bound on the seaward side by a scarp. Its size and the lack of evidence of rotation along its landwards side precludes the possibility that it is a slump. It probably represents a slide whose outer scarp is caused by break-up of the slide. Mounds on the ramp’s surface may represent post-displacement volcanic structures or exotic blocks transported to their present locations by the slide. The failures offshore Fuerteventura are so large that, although they occurred in the Miocene-Pliocene, exotic blocks displaced from upslope are still recognizable in the insular margin morphology. The Canary Island insular margin appears to be a creation of Miocene-Pliocene mass wasting and more recent turbidity current deposition and erosion, and hemilepagic deposition. Failures offshore La Gomera are due to debris flows and/or turbidity currents. These events have obscured earlier mass wasting events. An erratum to this article is available at .  相似文献   

Channelled erosion through a marine dump site of dredge spoils at the mouth of the Puyallup River, Washington State, USA     

Neil C. Mitchell   《Marine Geology》2005,220(1-4):131-151

Channels are relatively common on river-mouth deltas, but the process by which they arise from river sediment discharge is unclear because they can potentially be explained either by negatively buoyant (hyperpycnal) flows produced directly from the river outflow or by flows generated by repeated failure and mobilisation of sediment rapidly deposited at the delta front. Channels eroded through a dump site of dredge spoils are described here from multibeam and older sonar data collected in Commencement Bay, at the mouth of the Puyallup River. Shallow channels on the seaward upper surface of the dump site, away from any flows that could have been produced by delta front failures, suggest that at least some hyperpycnal flows were produced directly from the positively buoyant river outflow up to 200 m from the edge of the river mouth platform. The form of channel bed erosion is revealed by the longitudinal shape of the main eroded channel compared with the adjacent dump site profile. It suggests that the channel evolved by its steep front retreating, rather than by simple vertical entrenchment or diffusive-like evolution of the profile, a geometry interpreted as evidence that repeated failure of the bed occurred in response to shear stress imposed by bottom-travelling flows. Model calculations based on shear strengths back-calculated from the geometry of channel wall failures suggest that, if the main channel were eroded solely by hyperpycnal flows, their generation was remarkably efficient in order to create flows vigorous enough to cause channel bed failure. Besides the sediment concentration and discharge characteristics that have been considered to dictate the ability of rivers to produce hyperpycnal flows, it is suggested that the timing of floods with respect to the tidal cycle should also be important because extreme low tides may be needed to ensure that coarse sediment is transferred vigorously to the edge of river mouth platforms.  相似文献   

A new bathymetric model for the central Fram Strait   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Klenke  Martin  Schenke  Hans Werner 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2002,23(4):367-378

Based on data from R/V Polarstern multibeam sonar surveys between 1984 and 1997 high resolution bathymetry has been generated for the central Fram Strait. The area insonified covers approx. 36,500 km² between 78–80°N and 0–7.5°E allowing the creation of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) with 100 m grid spacing. The DTM was utilized for contouring and generation of a new series of bathymetric charts (AWI Bathymetric Charts of the Fram Strait, AWI BCFS) at a scale of 1:100,000. The paper starts with a brief introduction to the regional setting of the study area comprising information on the local links between bathymetry, sea ice transport and water mass exchange. The bathymetric feature names used in this article and how they were chosen is outlined. Next, the input data and processing applied are described. Thereafter the newly created grid and contour data are put into context with existing data sets. Finally the main bathymetric features of the area are characterized and the generated data products available for public disposal are specified.  相似文献   

海底小目标声呐图像一维最大熵分割的改进方法     

郭海涛  杨志民  田坦  戴愚志 《海洋学报》2007,29(4):152-155

作为海洋高新技术,水声技术日益成为海洋水下探测的主要手段,而且有时是惟一的手段(比如对浑水或对远距离的情况).海底物体搜索、海底救捞、海底探宝、海底“黑烟囱”探测、海底施工以及海洋军事活动(如探测水雷)等多方面都涉及海底小目标(这里的“目标”泛指物体,包括各种人工制造物和自然形成物)探测.对海底小目标探测是一个困难而有意义的课题.高分辨成像声呐在海底小目标探测方面具有良好的应用前景.将高分辨成像声呐应用于海底小目标探测,图像处理是关键.图像分割是图像处理中的主要问题,也是机器视觉领域低层视觉中的主要问题,同时它又是一个经典难题.  相似文献   

Accuracy and precision of fish-count data from a "dual-frequency identification sonar" (DIDSON) imaging system     

Holmes  John A.; Cronkite  George M.W.; Enzenhofer  Hermann J.; Mulligan  Timothy J. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(3):543-555

  相似文献   

SPOT遥感影像处理技术以及在青岛市海洋功能区划中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

乔磊  杨荣民  李广雪  刘勇  马妍妍 《海洋湖沼通报》2005,(2):8-12,28

青岛市海洋功能区划中，大范围采用了法国高分辨率陆地卫星SPOT-5HRG 1A级遥感数据。利用Geoimage遥感影像处理软件对数据进行了处理．包括：遥感影像的正射纠正、辐射处理和不同分辨率影像地融合等，获得了高空间分辨率和良好的光谱分辨率的遥感图像。很好的识别出青岛海岸带地区地物分布特征。为海洋功能区划底图补充了真实而丰富的信息．  相似文献   

海洋石油管线探测多波束剖面声纳设计     

王继胜  郭元曦  桑恩方  徐小卡 《海洋工程》2007,25(3):78-82

针对海洋石油管线探测多波束剖面声纳的高速、大容量的实时信号处理任务,以及声纳系统进一步扩展的需求,设计并实现了一种基于IP网络互连的、以并行DSP为处理节点的多波束剖面声纳系统.该系统应用于海底石油管线探测与定位,系统中的每个处理节点与数据采集转换部分采用TCP/IP网络连接,可以通过物理上添加一个或多个处理节点成倍的提高系统的信号处理能力,而在软件上无须大的改动.通过电联调与水槽试验,验证了系统的可行性和稳定性,该设计为高速水声阵列信号实时处理系统提供了一种全新的解决思路.  相似文献   

A Method of Coding and Decoding in Underwater Image Transmission     

程恩 《海洋通报(英文版)》2001,3(2)

A new method of coding and decoding in the system of underwater image transmission is introduced, including the rapid digital frequency synthesizer in multiple frequency shift keying,image data generator, image grayscale decoder with intelligent fuzzy algorithm, image restoration and display on microcomputer.  相似文献   

无舵翼水下机器人路径跟踪控制研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

甘永  万磊  陆雯雯  庞永杰 《海洋工程》2007,25(1):70-75

针对无舵翼水下机器人的各种不同任务要求下的路径跟踪控制进行研究。通过模拟人的运动行为,建立了虚拟避碰声纳模型。根据地形跟踪的方法提出基于虚拟声纳的路径跟踪控制方法,并通过考虑纵向速度对于其他各个自由度运动的影响设计了运动控制器。通过海上试验验证了所提出的路径跟踪控制方法对于无舵翼水下机器人是可以满足实际需要的。  相似文献   

Salt Diapirs, Salt Brine Seeps, Pockmarks and Surficial Sediment Creep and Slides in the Canary Channel off NW Africa     

J. Acosta  E. Uchupi  A. Muñoz  P. Herranz  C. Palomo  M. Ballesteros 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2003,24(1-2):41-57

Circular to elliptical mounds in the Canary Channel with reliefs of 75 to 375 m and diameters of 4 to 8 km partially surrounded by moats with reliefs of 25 to 75 m, were formed by piercement of the seafloor by Mesozoic evaporites. Several long gullies, < 1km wide, with abrupt terminations and pockmarks associated with these mounds were probably eroded by dense brine and hydrocarbon seeps. The salt brines that eroded the gullies were formed where salt diapirs intersect the seafloor, or in the subsurface by circulating ground water heated by igneous activity along the Canary Ridge. If the brines originated in the subsurface they reached the seafloor along faults. Displacement of the surficial sediments by sliding and creep is probably the result of the expulsion of hydrocarbons and/or vertical motion of the Mesozoic evaporites. Microtopographic features along or near the east flank of the Canary Ridge are the creation of uplift of the ridge, hydrothermal activity, mass wasting processes and turbidity currents.  相似文献